Response of sucrose metabolizing enzyme activity to CPPU and p-CPA treatments in excised discs of muskmelon

We investigated the effects of 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea(CPPU) and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid(p-CPA) treatments on the sucrose metabolism-relatedenzymeactivities in excised mesocarp discs of muskmelon fruit at different growthstages. Both a CPPU and a p-CPA treatment applied to discsprepared at 5 and at 20 days after anthesis (DAA) increased acid invertase (AI)activity and neutral invertase (NI) activity, but neither treatment affectedthese activities in the discs prepared at 45 DAA. Both plant growth substancesincreased the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) in the discs at 5and20 DAA, but neither affected it in the 45 DAA discs. The sucrose synthase (SS)activity was markedly increased by p-CPA treatment in the20 and 45 DAA discs, but was not affected at 5 DAA. CPPU treatment did notactivate SS of discs throughout the growth stage.     

澜沧荛花(瑞香科)的花部形态发生yh及其系统学意义(英文)

通过扫描电镜对澜沧荛花Wikstroemiadelavayi花部的形态发生过程进行了观察和分析 ,旨在为该属的系统学研究提供花部发育形态学资料。澜沧荛花花部的发生和早期发育呈远轴面向近轴面的顺序 ,但这一式样由于近轴面的器官在早期发育之后生长加速发生了转变。因此 ,花开放时所表现的所谓辐射对称 ,显然是由同一轮器官的异率生长所导致的次生现象。花盘发生于花萼筒基部的远轴面上 ,与花萼、雄蕊的发生间隔时间较长。花盘原基在下轮雄蕊着生处凹陷或间断 ,与之相对应 ,花盘裂片与下轮雄蕊呈互生。由此 ,花盘显然不是花托的一部分 ,也不是象花萼、雄蕊和心皮一样的独立结构 ,将其解释为雄蕊群的一部分更合理。花盘的发生和早期发育及其着生位置同其他花部器官的发生和发育式样具有明显的相关性 ,这种相关性对进一步阐明瑞香属Daphne和荛花属Wikstroemia的系统发育关系具有一定意义。根据对雌蕊群的发生和发育过程观察 ,该种的子房是由一个近轴面的可育心皮和一个远轴面的不育心皮融合而成的单室子房 ,为假单心皮雌蕊。尽管荛花属和瑞香属均属于单室子房 ,但澜沧荛花的子房维管束中的腹束排列于中轴位置 ,而目前资料显示瑞香属植物的腹束接近于侧膜位置 ,这方面仍需进一步研究     

Lumbar spine finite element model for healthy subjects: development and validation

Finite element (FE) method is a proven powerful and efficient tool to study the biomechanics of the human lumbar spine. However, due to the large inter-subject variability of geometries and material properties in human lumbar spines, concerns existed on the accuracy and predictive power of one single deterministic FE model with one set of spinal geometry and material properties. It was confirmed that the combined predictions (median or mean value) of several distinct FE models can be used as an improved prediction of behavior of human lumbar spine under identical loading and boundary conditions. In light of this improved prediction, five FE models (L1-L5 spinal levels) of the human lumbar spine were developed based on five healthy living subjects with identical modeling method. The five models were extensively validated through experimental and computational results in the literature. Mesh convergence and material sensitivity analysis were also conducted. We have shown that the results from the five FE models developed in this paper were consistent with the experimental data and simulation results from the existing literature. The validated modeling method introduced in this study can be used in modeling dysfunctional lumber spines such as disc degeneration and scoliosis in future work.     

经皮椎间孔镜与Mast Quadrant通道技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效比较

目的:研究和比较经皮椎间孔镜(Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy,PTED)与Mast Quadrant通道技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症(Lumbar disc herniation,LDH)的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2008年至2015年在本院接受手术治疗的单节段LDH患者90例,其中接受经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘突出髓核摘除术(PTED)患者58例,接受Mast Quadrant通道系统下腰椎间盘切除术患者32例,按手术方式的不同分为PTED组与Quadrant组。结合随访资料,评价并比较两组病例手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数、并发症发生情况。手术效果按照视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、0swestry功能障碍指数(ODI)和改良Mac Nab标准进行评定。结果:椎间孔镜组术中出血量、术后住院天数、并发症发生率、术后1天、7天腰痛VAS评分及ODI均优于Quadrant组(P0.05);椎间孔镜组手术时间长于Quadrant组(P0.05);两组术后腿痛VAS评分、手术优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经皮椎间孔镜与Mast Quadrant通道技术均能有效治疗腰椎间盘突出症,在严格掌握手术适应证和禁忌症的前提下,经皮椎间孔镜手术能够明显减少出血及并发症,是一种治疗腰椎间盘突出症理想的微创手术方式,但长期疗效有待进一步临床研究。     

右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻对腰椎手术患者镇痛效果及术后恢复的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻对腰椎手术患者镇痛效果及术后恢复的影响。方法:选择我院于2015年10月~2016年10月择期行腰椎全麻手术患者92例,经随机数字表法分为观察组及对照组各46例,两组麻醉诱导方案相同,于麻醉诱导前给予观察组静脉泵入右美托咪啶,给予对照组静脉泵入生理盐水。术后均采用经静脉自控镇痛。记录两组患者麻醉诱导前(T0)、插管1 min(T1)、插管5 min(T2)、拔管后1 h(T3)及术毕(T4)的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、血氧饱和度(SPO_2)和心率(HR)。比较两组患者拔管后即刻疼痛及镇静情况。记录两组患者定向力恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间以及吗啡使用剂量。统计两组患者不良反应情况。结果:两组患者T1时刻SBP、DBP水平较T0明显下降,对照组T3时刻SBP水平高于T0,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组T1时刻DBP、SBP水平高于对照组,T3时刻SBP水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);T1、T2、T3、T4时刻观察组HR水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);拔管后观察组视觉模拟评分(VAS)低于对照组,而Ramasy评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组吗啡使用剂量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组苏醒时间、定向力恢复时间以及拔管时间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻对腰椎手术患者血流动力学的影响小,镇痛、镇静效果显著,术后镇痛药物使用量减少,值得临床推广。     

不同性别腰椎间盘突出症患者脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数差异研究

目的:探讨不同性别腰椎间盘突出症(Lumbar disc herniation,LDH)患者脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数差异特点。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年3月在第四军医大学西京医院脊柱外科因LDH住院手术治疗,且具有术前脊柱站立位全长X线片的患者共222例,其中男l25例,女97例,年龄20-80岁,平均年龄50.97岁;应用图形分析软件Surgimap进行参数测量,在站立位全长脊柱侧位x线片上测量参数包括:骨盆投射角(Pelvic incidence,PI)、骨盆倾斜角(Pelvic tilt,PT)和骶骨倾斜角(Sacral slope,SS),胸椎后凸角(Thoracic Kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸角(Lumbarlordosis,LL)、矢状面垂直轴(Sagittal vertical axis,SVA)。根据性别分组,比较不同性别之间各参数、发病累及节段、不同年龄段发病率之间的差异。应用SPSS 19.0对数据进行统计分析。结果:LDH患者男女性别之间比较发现,男性PI 43.82±8.66°,女性PI 47.75±8.50°,P=0.001(P0.05),具有统计学显著性差异,年龄、PT、SS、LL、TK、SVA无显著性差异;不同性别LDH患者所累及节段分别进行统计,P=0.480(P0.05),无统计学显著性差异;不同性别LDH患者不同年龄段的发病率进行统计,应用Pearson卡方检验进行统计分析,P=0.024(P0.05),具有统计学显著性差异。然后将各年龄段发病率通过u检验进行比较,20-40岁段P=0.023(P0.05),具有统计学显著性差异。结论:PI也可能与LDH的发病有关,男性患者PI小于女性患者,可能是在LDH发病中男性多于女性,且男性更早发病的一个重要原因。     

Instantaneous centers of rotation for lumbar segmental extension in vivo

The study aimed to map instantaneous centers of rotation (ICRs) of lumbar motion segments during a functional lifting task and examine differences across segments and variations caused by magnitude of weight lifted. Eleven healthy participants lifted loads of three different magnitudes (4.5, 9, and 13.5 kg) from a trunk-flexed (~75°) to an upright position, while being imaged by a dynamic stereo X-ray (DSX) system. Tracked lumbar vertebral (L2-S1) motion data were processed into highly accurate 6DOF intervertebral (L2L3, L3L4, L4L5, L5S1) kinematics. ICRs were computed using the finite helical axis method. Effects of segment level and load magnitude on the anterior-posterior (AP) and superior-inferior (SI) ICR migration ranges were assessed with a mixed-effects model. Further, ICRs were averaged to a single center of rotation (COR) to assess segment-specific differences in COR AP- and SI-coordinates. The AP range was found to be significantly larger for L2L3 compared to L3L4 (p=0.02), L4L5 and L5S1 (p<0.001). Average ICR SI location was relatively higher – near the superior endplate of the inferior vertebra – for L4L5 and L5SI compared to L2L3 and L3L4 (p≤0.001) – located between the mid-transverse plane and superior endplate of the inferior vertebra – but differences were not significant amongst themselves (p>0.9). Load magnitude had a significant effect only on the SI component of ICR migration range (13.5 kg>9 kg and 4.5 kg; p=0.049 and 0.017 respectively). The reported segment-specific ICR data exemplify improved input parameters for lumbar spine biomechanical models and design of disc replacements, and base-line references for potential diagnostic applications.     

DSA技术在恒河猴脑脊液动态采集中应用

探索数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)插管技术在恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)脑脊液动态采集中的应用。将28只恒河猴作为实验动物,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组14只,经左前肢静脉推注3%戊巴比妥钠溶液全麻后,常规剔除背部脊柱周围体毛、消毒,实验组从穿刺开始就在DSA技术下行腰椎间隙穿刺,对照组直接行腰椎间隙穿刺,将硬膜外麻醉导管经腰椎蛛网膜下腔送至枕大池并埋置泵。对不同穿刺方法的结果数据进行χ2检验;神经功能参照改良Tarlov评分标准,切口采用改良的切口愈合等级评分标准。实验组经腰椎间隙穿刺蛛网膜下腔全部成功;对照组8只穿刺成功,6只穿刺失败;所有动物埋置泵均能从泵中采集到无色透明的脑脊液;术后恒河猴均于当天恢复正常。在DSA技术下经腰椎间隙穿刺蛛网膜下腔并埋置泵,成功率高,操作简便、安全性好,可行性强;通过埋置的泵采集脑脊液,快速省时,可实现在动物清醒时、全生理状态下对脑脊液进行动态多次采集,有助于提高非人灵长类实验动物的福利,由于采样导管置于枕大池,采集到的脑脊液样品质量有保证,可用于研究缺血性脑卒中发生机制,满足检验需要,具有一定的实用价值。     

Mechanical performance of lumbar intervertebral body fusion devices: An analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration

Lumbar intervertebral body fusion devices (L-IBFDs) are intended to provide stability to promote fusion in patients with a variety of lumbar pathologies. Different L-IBFD designs have been developed to accommodate various surgical approaches for lumbar interbody fusion procedures including anterior, lateral, posterior, and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions (ALIF, LLIF, PLIF, and TLIF, respectively). Due to design differences, there is a potential for mechanical performance differences between ALIF, LLIF, PLIF, and TLIF devices. To evaluate this, mechanical performance and device dimension data were collected from 124 Traditional 510(k) submissions to the FDA for L-IBFDs cleared for marketing from 2007 through 2016. From these submissions, mechanical test results were aggregated for seven commonly performed tests: static and dynamic axial compression, compression-shear, and torsion testing per ASTM F2077, and subsidence testing per ASTM F2267. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to determine if device type (ALIF, LLIF, PLIF, TLIF) had a significant effect on mechanical performance parameters (static testing: stiffness and yield strength; dynamic testing: runout load; subsidence testing: stiffness [Kp]). Generally, ALIFs and LLIFs were found to be stiffer, stronger, and had higher subsidence resistance than PLIF and TLIF designs. These results are likely due to the larger footprints of the ALIF and LLIF devices. The relative mechanical performance and subsidence resistance can be considered when determining the appropriate surgical approach and implant for a given patient. Overall, the mechanical performance data presented here can be utilized for future L-IBFD development and design verification.